Minerals-Based Industrial Policies in a Fragmenting World: Lessons from Indonesia and Australia

How do mineral-producing countries pursue industrial policy? The ways in which countries perceive, navigate, and capitalize on their mineral sectors have key implications for global supply chains, and strategic governance of critical minerals is essential to achieving equitable and secure decarbonization in a fragmenting global order. This series will explore strategic divergences between mineral-rich countries that are implementing mineral-based industrial policies, using Australia and Indonesia as case studies. Questions investigated will include: What types of policies are most common or preferred, and why? Which policies appear most effective in achieving national goals? How does each country’s domestic context shape its broader mineral governance framework? And how do trade and investment flows influence Australia and Indonesia positioning themselves in the global sphere?